Asian Journal of Public Health and Nursing
The Asian Journal of Public Health and Nursing is a scholarly publication dedicated to advancing knowledge and promoting excellence in the fields of public health and nursing within the Asian region. With a focus on research, practice, education, and policy, the journal serves as a platform for disseminating innovative ideas, evidence-based practices, and critical discussions that contribute to the improvement of public health and nursing care delivery in Asia. Scope and Coverage: The journal covers a wide range of topics within the realms of public health and nursing, including but not limited to epidemiology, health promotion, disease prevention, healthcare management, community health, environmental health, maternal and child health, infectious diseases, mental health, nursing education, nursing practice, healthcare policy, and healthcare disparities. It welcomes original research articles, review articles, and perspectives from scholars, researchers, practitioners, educators, policymakers, and students.
Health Needs Assessment Plan for Pregnant Women in Low-Income Sub-Saharan Africa
Section: Editorial Maternal mortality remains a devastating public health challenge across Sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria, in particular, accounts for nearly 20% of global maternal deaths, with a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) estimated at over 800 deaths per 100,000 live births (WHO, 2019). In Katsina State, recent hospital-based reviews report an MMR of approximately 1,200 per 100,000 live births, with hypertensive disorders and lack of antenatal care as leading contributors (Adeoye et al., 2025). This crisis is not merely statistical—it reflects systemic neglect, social inequity, and preventable loss. A Health Needs Assessment (HNA) offers a structured, evidence-based approach to uncovering these gaps and guiding targeted interventions. In Katsina, retrospective analyses show that over 68% of maternal deaths occurred in women who were not booked for antenatal care, and nearly half died within 24 hours of hospital presentation. These findings underscore the urgency of community-level engagement and early intervention. To move from data to action, multi-sectoral collaboration is essential. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives can play a transformative role in bridging funding and service gaps. The Centre for Social Justice (CSJ) has documented Katsina’s MNCH budget allocations and highlighted the disconnect between policy standards and actual health outcomes (CSJ, 2016). By aligning CSR investments with HNA priorities—such as mobile outreach, midwife training, and health literacy campaigns—private sector actors can contribute meaningfully to maternal health equity. This model is not unprecedented. CSR-health partnerships have yielded measurable improvements in maternal outcomes in India and Kenya (Ameh et al., 2012). Nigeria’s private sector, particularly in extractive and telecom industries, has the capacity to replicate and scale such interventions. What’s needed is political will, ethical commitment, and strategic alignment with community needs. Maternal mortality is not an inevitable consequence of poverty—it is a failure of systems, priorities, and imagination. A well-executed HNA, backed by CSR engagement and policy accountability, can reshape maternal health trajectories in Katsina and across low-income Sub-Saharan Africa. Let this be the moment we reframe maternal health not as a distant development goal, but as a shared responsibility—grounded in evidence, driven by compassion, and sustained by collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinedu Okorie Anoh, Ali Davod Parsa, Russell Kabir, Richard Hayhoe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hundreds Dying Every day in Karachi as Pakistan Battles Brutal Summer
Section: Editorial Global health and livelihoods have been severely impacted by climate change, which is expected to worsen in the future and bring more frequent and intense extreme events (Weiskopf et al,2020). Extreme heatwaves are increasingly common during summertime globally, contributing to an excess of mortality. As climate change continues, it is anticipated that heat-related illness and mortality will rise even more, with higher levels of global warming being associated with greater risk (Ebi et al,2021). Pakistan ranks sixth among nations most susceptible to the effects of climate change (Soomro & Shahid,2024).According to the IPCC, surface temperatures have risen by roughly 1.0°C since the middle of the 19th century and could climb by 1.10°C to 6.40°C in the 21st (IPCC,2018). Pakistan is extremely sensitive to the consequences of climate change as a developing nation, including rising temperatures, variable monsoons, melting Himalayan glaciers, and more frequent and severe extreme weather events. Future disturbances to Karachi's local weather are anticipated because of climate change (Babar et al, 2021). According to a recent BBC report, Pakistan's heatwave has claimed the lives of nearly 500 people. There has been a notable rise in mortality in southern Pakistan due to temperatures above 40°C (104°F) and heavy humidity, which makes it feel like 49°C (120°F). With 141 deaths on 25th May alone, the Edhi ambulance service reported transporting 568 bodies, as opposed to the typical 30 to 40 each day to the Karachi municipal mortuary over the course of six days. The number of persons requesting assistance in hospitals is rising. Each case's precise cause of death is still being investigated (BBC, 2024). According to Soomro and Shahid (2024), Karachi recorded the hottest temperature in the region last month, with the province of Sindh clocking close to 52.2°C. The extreme heat is making life difficult for people in other parts of Pakistan as well. Low winds, high temperatures, and high humidity are the factors that cause heatwaves. When combined with malfunctioning water supply networks, frequent power plant outages, and blackouts, the consequences for those in lower socioeconomic categories in Karachi can be catastrophic. Conversely, in wealthy Karachian areas where petrol generators are typically used to break out blackouts, very few casualties were reported (Hanif, 2017). Pakistan is classified as a mediocre performer with a climate performance ranking of 30th overall. It receives high marks for GHG emissions and energy use, but poor marks for climate policy and very low marks for renewable energy. The absence of strong government organizations devoted to climate concerns impedes efforts despite the urgent need for climate action (SDG 13). As a result, not enough progress has been made in combating climate change (CCPI, 2024). Public health in Karachi would be much improved by addressing issues with cheap, clean energy, sustainable cities and communities, clean water and sanitation, responsible consumption and production, and climate action. Focusing on important problems like dirty water, air pollution, brittle infrastructure, and energy scarcity. Controlling infectious disease outbreaks and lowering respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses associated with air pollution would be made possible by proper sewage and water cleanliness. Heat stroke casualties could be saved by using inexpensive, sustainable energy technologies. These upgrades are the need to solve the environmental and climate-related issues in Karachi. Effective measures must be taken by the government of Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Public Health and Nursing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Assessing the Psychosocial Determinants of Mental Health Decline Among Bangladeshi University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review
Section: Review Keywords: COVID-19, Psychological impacts, Mental health deterioration, University students, Bangladesh, Systematic review Background: The COVID-19 epidemic has profoundly impacted the mental health of university students. This review investigates the psychosocial factors contributing to the mental health decline of Bangladeshi university students, particularly in Dhaka city, with the objective of identifying the primary elements exacerbating their mental health issues during the pandemic. Method: Employing a mixed-methods approach, this review integrates quantitative and qualitative data, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted using MeSH keywords from databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Medline, and ARU-E-Library. Out of 822 initially identified publications, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was used to investigate pertinent data, and studies were appraised using CASP and AXIS tools. Data interpretation involved SPSS and R, utilizing descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analyses. Results: The review identified critical factors contributing to mental health deterioration, including financial hardships, academic disruption, social isolation, excessive smartphone use, and career instability. High prevalence rates of anxiety (61.2%), depression (64.7%), and stress (52.4%) were found. Inferential statistics revealed significant differences in mental health outcomes across demographic groups, with female students showing a 20% higher risk of anxiety and those living with parents showing a 15% higher risk of depression. Discussion: The results emphasize the multifaceted nature of the mental health challenges that students encounter. The transition to online learning, financial instability, and social isolation were substantial stressors. The review emphasizes the necessity of legislative changes and targeted mental health interventions. Conclusion: To address the mental health crisis among university students, policymakers must reform frameworks and provide support systems, including flexible learning models and targeted mental health interventions, to ensure students’ long-term well-being and academic success.
High Bullying Exposure and Depression Risk Among Indonesian Adolescents in Boarding Schools: Multivariate Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Bullying, Depression, Adolescents, Boarding School Background: Bullying is an aggressive behavior that negatively impacts students' mental health, potentially leading to depression. Boarding school environments are marked by intense peer dynamics, which may facilitate the occurrence of various forms of bullying. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a quantitative approach involving 296 Indonesian boarding school students selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected using the Form of Bullying Scale (FBS) and the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, including simple and multivariate logistic regression. Initial multivariate modeling included age, grade level, parental occupation, and parental income; however, only gender and bullying level remained significant and were retained in the final model. Results: The findings revealed that 38.5% of students experienced a high level of bullying, and 43.6% were identified as experiencing depression, with most cases classified as mild to moderate. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (AOR = 3.716, p < 0.001) and high bullying exposure (AOR = 3.379, p < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of depression. Conclusion: Depression is prevalent among boarding school students, with over one-third also reporting high levels of bullying. Gender and bullying exposure were identified as key risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive and promotive interventions, such as peer support programs, resilience workshops, and school staff training, focusing on strengthening students’ mental resilience and implementing gender-based anti-bullying strategies within the boarding school environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizkia Funna, Teuku Tahlil, Aiyub (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Patient Perceptions of Generalist Therapy for Schizophrenia with Violent Risk: A Phenomenological Study in Indonesia
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Schizophrenia, Risk of Violent Behavior, Phenomenology, Generalist Therapy, Patient Perception Background: Generalist Therapy (GT) is a nursing approach that integrates physical, psychological, social, and spiritual care tailored to individual needs. While commonly used in mental health nursing, its implementation varies across countries. In Indonesia, GT is delivered through culturally adapted implementation strategies. These include deep breathing exercises, pillow-punching, medication adherence, assertive verbal communication, and spiritual practices. Although GT has become a standard practice in Indonesian mental health services particularly in Aceh Province, research on patient perceptions, especially among those with schizophrenia and a history of violence, remains limited. This study aims to explore patients’ subjective experiences of GT. Methods: This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with ten patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Results: Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) the effectiveness of GT in emotional regulation, including managing anger, promoting calmness, and the role of medication in reducing negative emotions; (2) resilience enhancement, encompassing positive meaning-making, therapy commitment, improved social functioning, and self-control; and (3) barriers to GT implementation, including internal (emotional issues, low insight, restrictive personal beliefs, cognitive decline, and low participation) and external obstacles (limited facilities and overcrowded wards). Conclusion: GT is perceived as helpful in emotional regulation and recovery support. It strengthens resilience and improves patient insight, especially when supported by a conducive environment. Incorporating patients’ perspectives into therapeutic planning may enhance the effectiveness of mental health care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hendrian Hadi Permana, Aiyub, Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Oral Health Symptoms and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Outpatients in Bangladesh: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Oral Health, Adolescents, Bangladesh, Smokeless Tobacco, Health Awareness Background: In low-income nations like Bangladesh, the use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is common and linked to major oral health problems such tooth stains, cavities, and precancerous lesions. Methods: At the evening OPD of Sapporo Dental College and Hospital in Dhaka, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between April and October 2023. 400 people were polled using a standardized questionnaire and purposive sampling. Logistic regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of responders (84.75%) were men, and the age group of 35–54 years old accounted for 39.5% of the total. The use of SLT was more common in older people and teenagers. The most often reported oral complaints were poor breath (75%) and dental stains (90.75%). SLT use was found to be substantially correlated with peer influence, decreased perceived severity and benefits, and age ≥14 years (OR = 6.58), according to logistic regression. Just 29.2% of respondents said they intended to stop after seeing the health warnings. Conclusion: SLT use is very common among adults in Dhaka who visit the dental outpatient department, despite their lack of knowledge about the health hazards. In order to enhance public health outcomes in Bangladesh, the findings emphasize the necessity of integrated oral health and tobacco cessation initiatives in community clinics and educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ashek Elahi Noor, Russell Kabir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Barriers to PrEP Adherence: A Brief Report on the Combined Effects of Alcohol Misuse, PTSD, and Gut Microbiome Disruption in HIV Prevention
Section: Review Keywords: PrEP adherence, alcohol misuse, PTSD, HIV Prevention, Gut dysbiosis Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health challenge. While Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) offers high efficacy for prevention, its adherence is significantly impacted by gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis and hazardous alcohol use. Alcohol misuse exacerbates PTSD and behavioral health issues, and chronic alcohol use can escalate GI disturbances, potentially leading to severe conditions like alcoholic hepatitis. Methods: This brief report presents a conceptual analysis of existing literature and retrospective clinical data. Thematic coding was utilized to identify correlations between alcohol use, GI dysbiosis, PTSD, and PrEP adherence among HIV-negative individuals. Results: Hazardous alcohol use amplifies PTSD symptoms and disrupts gut microbiota, causing systemic inflammation and broader behavioral problems. These factors collectively compromise PrEP adherence, with affected individuals demonstrating rates as low as 45–60%, particularly in marginalized groups. Conclusion: Integrated behavioral interventions prioritizing alcohol reduction, microbiome support, and trauma-informed mental health care are crucial to optimize PrEP outcomes and advance HIV prevention efforts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Md Rakibul Hasan, Richard Davidson (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experiences and Roles of Community Health Cadres in the Implementation of Integrated Service Posts for Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Health Cadre, Non-Communicable Diseases, Community Health, Qualitative Study Background: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) remain the leading cause of mortality globally and in Indonesia. To address this, Indonesia introduced the Posbindu PTM (Integrated Service Posts for NCDs), a community-based program that relies heavily on volunteer health cadres. This study explores the lived experiences, roles, and challenges faced by these cadres in Banda Aceh. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used. Twelve female health cadres from Ulee Kareng Health Center were selected using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in January 2025. Thematic analysis using the Miles and Huberman model revealed two overarching themes and five subthemes, including personal empowerment, logistical constraints, low public participation, and digital limitations. Results: Health cadres reported increased knowledge and confidence in health promotion, but faced critical barriers such as infrastructure limitations, insufficient financial incentives, and community reluctance. Differences in perspectives emerged based on years of service. Notably, cadres with longer tenure (more than five years) expressed greater confidence and skill in engaging the community compared to newer cadres. Conclusion: While cadres derive personal growth and community recognition, system-level changes are essential for program sustainability. Policy recommendations include better government support, consistent training, stakeholder engagement, and adequate resources.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irhamni Rahmatillah, Said Usman, Nurjannah, Teuku Maulana, Marthoenis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does the Appearance and Mannerism of Doctors Affect Doctor-Patient Relationship? A Cross-Sectional Study among General Population in Malaysia
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Attire, Physical Appearance, Mannerism, Doctor-patient relationship, Malaysia Background: A strong doctor–patient relationship is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to determine the community’s perception toward doctors’ physical appearance, mannerisms, and association with the doctor-patient relationship in Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general adult population in Malaysia. Data was collected via an online survey and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 389 respondents participated in this study. Over half (55.53%) considered professional attire with a white coat is important, and 90.75% preferred doctors to wear name tags. The respondents paid more attention to mannerisms if they were younger age group (18-30 years) rather than the older age group (50 years and above) (Adjusted OR = 4.64, 95%CI: 1.90, 11.36). While the respondents with higher education levels (Postgraduate) were more attentive to mannerisms compared to respondents with SPM – Secondary Education level (Adjusted OR = 6.77, 95%CI: 1.26, 36.53). Conclusion: The respondents demonstrated increased trust, confidence, and approachability and were more willing to share personal information with doctors dressed in formal attire with a white coat along with name tags. Most respondents felt that both the physical appearance and mannerisms of doctors played a significant role to form a good doctor-patient relationship. Mannerism was considered more important for the doctor-patient relationship among younger aged and higher educated people.
Copyright (c) 2025 Delisha Kaur Boparai, Keeran Ramesh, Ama Thathsarani Rajapura, Dushan Uvindu Gunawardana, Thin Mon Kyaw, Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe, Soe Moe, Nivedita Nadarajah, Mila Nu Nu Htay (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Diabetes Care Barriers Through Community Voices: A Brief Qualitative Report from Jefferson County, Kentucky
Section: Brief Report Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Community-Based Research, Healthcare Access, Health Inequities, Qualitative Report Background: Type 2 diabetes is a significant public health concern in Jefferson County, Kentucky, exacerbated by socioeconomic barriers influencing care access and disease management. This qualitative study explored community-perceived barriers impacting diabetes self-management among local adults. Methods: Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this qualitative study involved thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke’s method) of open-ended responses collected through an online questionnaire from six purposively selected adults (≥18 years) with physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Jefferson County. Results: Participants described several structural barriers affecting their diabetes care, primarily highlighting medication affordability (83%), transportation difficulties (67%), and inadequate access to healthy food (67%). Additional qualitative themes revealed concerns related to insufficient flexibility of healthcare services and personal time constraints. Participants further suggested community-informed strategies, including subsidized medication programs, enhanced transportation services, increased availability of virtual healthcare, and improved local access to affordable fitness facilities and nutritious foods. Conclusion: Qualitative insights underscore a substantial gap between diabetes care intentions and achievable self-management practices due to persistent systemic barriers. Addressing these barriers through targeted, community-driven solutions could meaningfully improve diabetes outcomes in Jefferson County
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Md Rakibul Hasan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Guided Imagery in Reducing Anxiety Among Mental Health Outpatients: A Pilot Study
Section: Brief Report Keywords: Guided Imagery, Anxiety, Mental Disorders, Relaxation Techniques, Complementary Therapies Background: Guided imagery is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety reduction, yet its use in outpatient mental health care remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing anxiety among patients with mental disorders. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 68 participants assigned to intervention or control groups. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS-A). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test for within-group and the Mann-Whitney test for between-group comparisons. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in anxiety levels compared to the control group (p = 0.003). After the guided imagery intervention, 76.5% (26 of 34) of the intervention group had reduced anxiety, while the control group showed minimal change (p = 0.129). Outpatients visit frequency also increased post-intervention in the intervention group. Conclusion: Guided imagery is an effective and feasible intervention for reducing anxiety in outpatient mental health settings and can be integrated into standard care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Public Health and Nursing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Effectiveness of Psychological First Aid and Communication Skills in Enhancing Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Psychological First Aid, Communication Skills, Self-Efficacy, Mental Health Training Background: Supporting students' psychological well-being is crucial for teachers, particularly in times of crisis. However, communication barriers and low confidence in administering Psychological First Aid (PFA) often hinder effective support. This study examines the impact of PFA training and interpersonal communication skills on educators' self-efficacy. Methods: A randomized controlled trial with cluster sampling was conducted among 88 educators from four schools in Aceh (September–October 2024). Participants were assigned to intervention and control groups, with data collected using a pre-test and post-test design. The intervention consisted of PFA and interpersonal communication training, delivered in 2-hour sessions over four weeks. Self-efficacy was measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale, with data analyzed using normality tests, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: Educators who received PFA training showed significantly higher self-efficacy compared to the control group (U = 537.500, p < 0.001; Wilcoxon Z = -5.785, p = 0.001). Similarly, interpersonal communication training led to significant self-efficacy improvements (U = 306.500, p = 0.001; Wilcoxon Z = -5.783, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PFA and interpersonal communication training enhance teachers' self-efficacy in providing psychological support. Wider implementation of these interventions is recommended to improve students' psychological well-being in Aceh.
A Descriptive Study on Childhood Obesity: Examining Research Gaps, Evaluating Interventions, and Informing Policy for Sustainable Health Outcomes
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Childhood obesity, dietary habits, public health interventions, Social Ecological Model, community engagement, Psycho-social impacts Background: Childhood obesity is a critical public health issue, affecting almost 19.7% of children in the United States and 24% of adolescents aged 10–17 in Kentucky. This condition is exacerbated by socioeconomic disparities, food deserts, and limited access to physical activity spaces. Effective intervention requires comprehensive, multilevel strategies that involve schools, families, healthcare providers, and policymakers to address systemic barriers and promote equity. Methods: This study utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating descriptive statistical analysis from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), state-level reports, and targeted online surveys with parents, educators, and healthcare providers in Kentucky. The surveys explored barriers to healthy behaviors, including food accessibility and opportunities for physical activity. Additionally, descriptive case studies of global intervention models, such as Finland’s Schools on the Move and the UK's MEND program, were synthesized to evaluate their scalability and sustainability for local adaptation. Results: The proposed interventions, which include school-based programs, family-centered initiatives, community engagement efforts, and policy reforms like soda taxes, are expected to reduce obesity prevalence, improve psychosocial well-being, and generate sustainable public health benefits. Descriptive evaluations of programs such as ‘Marathon Kids’ indicate improvements in BMI, dietary habits, and physical activity levels, underscoring the effectiveness of collaborative, evidence-based approaches. Conclusion: Addressing childhood obesity necessitates comprehensive, multilevel strategies. Overcoming challenges such as funding, cultural adaptation, and policy enforcement requires rigorous descriptive studies and stakeholder collaboration. This study contributes to bridging research gaps and advocates for a holistic approach to combating childhood obesity, ultimately fostering healthier communities.
Exploring Dengue Transmission Trends, Public Health Challenges, and Intervention Efficacy Among Adolescents in Dhaka City: An Observational Study
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Adolescents, Dengue, Transmission, Bangladesh, Disease Surveillance, Vector Control Background: Dengue fever remains a major public health threat in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, with adolescents (15–22 years) particularly vulnerable due to high mobility and environmental exposure. This observational retrospective study analyzes fourteen years of dengue trends (2010–2023), comparing them with the August–October 2023 outbreak, which recorded the highest dengue burden in over a decade. The study evaluates disease severity, hospitalization rates, and the effectiveness of targeted public health interventions. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted using laboratory-confirmed dengue cases from eight major hospitals in Dhaka City, ensuring adherence to ethical research standards. Comparative analysis between intervention and control regions assessed the impact of vector control programs, awareness campaigns, and healthcare accessibility. Cohen’s d was used to quantify effect sizes, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and R software. Results: Dengue cases peaked in September 2023, with a monthly average of 1,250 cases (SD = 300). The overall adolescent prevalence was 15%, with hospitalization rates 15% higher in females than males. Intervention areas showed a 20% reduction in hospital admissions, with a Cohen’s d effect size of 0.6, indicating a moderate impact of public health measures. Lower-income communities faced a 30% higher infection rate, emphasizing disparities in healthcare access and preventive resources. Discussion: Findings reveal that adolescents remain a high-risk group due to urban exposure, limited preventive behaviors, and delayed healthcare access. Comparisons between 2010–2023 and August–October 2023 highlight worsening disease severity, driven by urbanization, climate factors, and inadequate mosquito control. Strengthening real-time surveillance, improving drainage infrastructure, and expanding school-based awareness campaigns is crucial for sustainable dengue control. Conclusion: Targeted public health interventions significantly reduce dengue transmission, but socioeconomic inequalities and urban environmental factors remain major challenges. Sustained vector control, improved urban planning, and enhanced healthcare accessibility are essential for long-term dengue prevention and outbreak preparedness in Dhaka City.
Resilience Training for Burnout Reduction Among Emergency Department Health Workers: A Systematic Review
Section: Review Keywords: Burnout, Emergency, Resilience, Health Personnel, Mindfullness Background: Emergency department (ED) healthcare workers are at elevated risk of burnout due to high workloads, time pressure, and repeated exposure to trauma. Resilience training has emerged as a promising intervention, yet its specific effectiveness in ED settings has not been comprehensively reviewed. Methods: This systematic review evaluated 20 studies (from an initial pool of 1,120 articles) that met predefined inclusion criteria, encompassing randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, cohort designs, and qualitative research. Literature searches were conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Data were extracted on intervention type, duration, burnout assessment tools (e.g., MBI, CBI), and psychological outcomes. Results: Resilience training—particularly mindfulness-based interventions and cognitive-behavioral techniques—was associated with a 25–30% reduction in burnout scores, especially in the emotional exhaustion domain. Participants also reported improvements in coping strategies and psychological well-being. However, heterogeneity in intervention formats (ranging from 4 to 12 weeks) and outcome measures limited direct comparisons across studies. Conclusions: Resilience training appears to be an effective strategy for mitigating burnout among ED healthcare workers. To enhance its impact, future research should prioritize the development of standardized protocols, integration into hospital policies, and assessment of long-term outcomes. Digital formats, such as app-based or microlearning modules, also warrant further investigation for broader accessibility and scalability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liza Fathiariani, Natha Bella, Nura Shara Amirza, Radhiah Radhiah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The January 2025 Southern California Wildfires: Public Mental Health Impacts and a Call to Action
Section: Editorial Keywords: Wildfires, Mental Health, Disaster Preparedness, Vulnerable Populations Abstract The January 2025 Southern California wildfires, among the most severe in recent years, devastated over 40,000 acres, displacing thousands and causing extensive physical and emotional tolls. Beyond the evident physical and economic impacts, the mental health consequences demand urgent attention. This editorial highlights the psychological repercussions, including acute stress, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders, affecting survivors, first responders, and vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and low-income communities. Prolonged disruptions and repeated wildfire exposures exacerbate these challenges. The editorial emphasizes the necessity of integrating mental health into disaster response and preparedness strategies, advocating for immediate mental health support, long-term care, and resilience-building within communities. By recognizing mental health as a vital component of disaster management and linking it to climate change policies, a comprehensive approach can mitigate the mental health burden of wildfires and enhance societal resilience to future climate-related disasters.
Exploring Parental Perspectives on Factors Influencing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Children Aged 8 to 14
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Sugar-Sweetened-Beverages, Obesity, Children, Phenomenon, Behaviour, Parental Regulation Background: This study explores the increasing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) among children aged 8 to 14 years from the parental perspective, aiming to identify influencing factors. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, involving in-depth interviews with parents. Thematic analysis was employed to extract insights. The study was conducted in Coventry, West Midlands, UK with a purposive sampling technique to select participants. Data were manually transcribed and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework for thematic analysis. Results: Four key themes surfaced: (1) parental control over the provision of sugar-sweetened beverages, (2) marketing tactics, (3) shopping and special events, and (4) friend influence. Children's drinking habits are greatly influenced by parental practices, such as rewarding children with SSBs and giving their desires priority. Lower pricing makes SSBs more accessible, and effective marketing—which includes commercials and a variety of product options—encourages usage. Peer pressure and special events also play crucial roles. Conclusion: The research emphasizes how peer pressure, marketing, special events, and parental conduct all interact in intricate ways to impact children's intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. To address these concerns, it emphasizes the need of focused public health initiatives and policies. The growing trend of SSB intake may be lessened by informing parents about healthier options and the dangers of SSBs, as well as by regulating marketing strategies. Public health benefits greatly from this study, which indicates that to properly address this problem, more professional engagement and development are necessary.
Internet Shutdown with Violations of Human Rights and Freedom of Speech
Section: Editorial Keywords: Internet Shotdown, Freedom of Speech, Human Rights, Conflicts, Protest In the current time the world is too connected with the virtue of internet. Health systems around the world are become more digitalized and dependent on internet connectivity for their operations, making them and their beneficiaries more susceptible to the effects of outages. Internet ensures the basic human rights like freedom of expression and internet shutdown hampers the progression to the sustainable development goals (SDGs; Myanmar, 2019). Recently, Bangladesh has experienced a mass uprising with a demand of quota reformation for entering the public services. There were at least 757 killings, hundreds were injured, and thousands were arrested (Hasan, 2024). During the protest, the internet was shut down by the Bangladeshi government on July 18–23 and August 4–5, severely curtailing the country's citizens' ability to express themselves freely and gather in peace (UN Human rights, 2024). The country has also experienced sheer violations of human rights (Human Rights Watch, 2021). These shutdowns, which prevented users from accessing social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, hindered information sharing, reduced public scrutiny of law enforcement, and increased the likelihood of impunity. The situation was made worse by threats against journalists. That internet shutdown fear, apprehension, disconnected with the friends and family members. It also hindered the tele-medicine and other internet-based services. The limitations on one's freedom of movement also made it much harder to do business, go about daily life, and obtain necessities. Due to political instability, hospital overcrowding, some injured protesters were unable to get timely medical attention. The disturbance has had a substantial impact on the economy as well, particularly on companies and transportation. Curfews and shutdowns exacerbated the already poor economic situation by impeding not just the emergency response but also the supply chain for basic products and services (Figure 1). The right to education was negatively harmed by the closing of colleges and universities, and children's wellbeing was generally impacted (UN Human rights, 2024). In July 2023, following the unexpected arrest of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) leader Imran Khan, a wave of unprecedented Internet blocking swept across the country, forcing millions of Pakistanis into digital isolation. The country's online connectivity abruptly stopped working for three days, severely affecting many different economic sectors and upsetting the lives of countless people who rely on the Internet for their livelihoods. Individuals who worked from home or remotely discovered that they were unable to complete their work assignments, and social media content producers found it difficult to maintain relationships with their followers. The abrupt unavailability of online health services, which are essential for remote consultations and medical help, has raised concerns about the safety of numerous individuals. Even necessities like biometric systems and ATMs malfunctioned, adding to the public's confusion and hardship (Tahir and Salim, 2023). In August, 2024, Internet was slowed again in Pakistan. The incident is a part of a larger government drive to quell dissent, especially directed at followers of former prime minister Imran Khan, whose political campaigns have benefited greatly from his use of social media (Rehman and Goldbaum, 2024). In Kashmir, India Internet was blocked all mobile and broadband internet access in the area in August 2019 (India Press Trust, 2020). This internet access hindered the access to vital health information during the times of Covid-19. The capacity to download important information, access telemedicine, or conduct online consultations were severely constrained, where healthcare workers battled with slow 2G internet. These further strains the already overburdened healthcare system (Shoib and Arafat, 2020). Internet shutdown was also noted in West Bengal in 2022. Internet shutdown has also been noted in Myanmar (Myanmar, 2019). Between 2016 and 2021, the #KeepItOn group documented 931 Internet shutdowns in 74 countries, primarily in Africa and South Asia, with 12 of those nations implementing more than ten shutdowns (Figure 2, Accessnow, 2024). These measures represent a novel and growing threat to several aspects of global public health, human rights, and freedom of expression. Authorities have shut down the internet completely during times of political instability, civil disobedience, or perceived risks to national security, leaving millions of people without access. These actions, which are frequently explained as required to keep the peace, have made things worse by escalating human misery, limiting free speech, and isolating communities. As the internet becoming an essential tool for healthcare delivery, outages are becoming more dangerous for people's lives. Although there is a dearth of empirical research to quantify the effects, anecdotal evidence indicates that blanket blackouts can disrupt essential communication channels between patients and physicians (telemedicine), cause shortages of medications for chronic diseases, postpone the deployment of vital medical personnel to emergencies, and jeopardize the financial stability of healthcare providers (Rydzak 2018). These problems were brought to light by the Covid-19 pandemic: some communities in Myanmar were unaware of the virus's existence months into the pandemic due to blackouts that cut off entire regions from life-saving public health advice. In Kashmir, shutdowns hindered the download of mobile test and trace apps, impeding efforts to contain the virus as infection rates surged throughout the subcontinent (Parvaiz, 2020). Patient lives rely heavily on online health services. Internet access is essential to many hospital operations, procedures, and patient medical record access. Long-term internet outages can also render vital medical equipment antiquated and possibly unusable. The delivery of healthcare may be significantly impacted by this, especially in areas with little resources. Internet outages have occasionally impacted entire nations, although they often target a specific population or geographic area to restrict the free flow of information there. Usually, they are used to cover up flagrant violations of human rights (OHCHR, 2022). Internet shutdowns not only limit freedom of expression, but they also violate human rights, negatively hurting the population's well-being. People who are disconnected are deprived of access to basic services, which has an impact on all facets of life, including employment, education, health care, and financial security, particularly for freelancers. These closures restrict free speech, obstruct journalism, and make it more difficult to record violations of human rights. They also make it impossible for people to obtain information that could save lives during emergencies and conflicts (Access Now, 2023) A multifaceted approach is needed to address internet restrictions, including legal frameworks to defend digital rights, international pressure to drive policy reforms, and lobbying and awareness raising to highlight the implications on human rights. United Nations urged for internet resumption in Myanmar (Myanmar, 2019). Kolkata High court intervened Internet shutdown in West Bengal, India (Bapat and Mishra, 2022). While users should educate themselves on how to be ready for a shutdown and use technological tools like decentralised networks and VPNs to get around internet restrictions, civil society should also take the lead in providing emergency solutions. It is imperative to actively take action to defend your rights and freedom of expression, particularly in the face of attempts by powerful political entities to suppress them. In conclusion, the advent of internet shutdowns can be attributed to the growing significance of the digital world in achieving numerous human rights. Turning off the Internet has irreversible negative effects on material and human rights terms. Governments restrict internet access in the name of national security, public order, stopping the spread of misinformation, or public safety. These defenses, nevertheless, are usually criticized for being employed to stifle criticism, restrict free speech, and hide violations of human rights. It causes enormous problems including health and well-being.
The Relationship Between Exploitative Show Viewing Habits and Aggressive Behavior in Adolescents
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Exploitation Viewing Habits, Aggressive Behavior, Adolescents, Indonesia Background: Exploitation is a form of crime and violence that can jeopardize a child’s future. Adolescents who frequently watch exploitative content are more likely to exhibit aggressive tendencies and may become desensitized to violence in daily life, leading to both physical and psychological consequences. This study aims to explore the relationship between the habit of watching exploitative shows and aggressive behavior among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 76 adolescents in Aceh, Indonesia. Data on demographics, viewing habits of exploitative shows, and aggressive behavior were collected using a researcher-modified questionnaire. Results: Over half of the respondents were female (57.9%), with the majority categorized as heavy viewers of exploitative shows (69.7%), and aggressive behavior identified in 59.2% of participants. A significant association was found between the habit of watching exploitative shows and aggressive behavior (p-value = 0.002, OR = 5.790). Conclusion: Adolescents who frequently consume exploitative content struggle to regulate their behavior effectively, as the dependency on such shows fosters aggression. Adequate supervision of adolescents is crucial, and it is recommended that social media platforms prioritize broadcasting educational content to promote positive personality development.
Exploring Which Public Health Interventions Are More Effective to Reduce Maternal and Child Health Inequalities in South Asia: A Systematic Literature Review
Section: Review Keywords: Maternal Health, Child health, Inequalities, South Asia, Systematic Review Background: Maternal and child health disparities remain a pressing public health concern in South Asia. This systematic review addresses a critical gap in the literature by evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions targeting these disparities in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Distinguishing itself from prior studies, this research provides a thorough examination of the combined effects of community-based programs, financial assistance, and nutritional supplementation, offering a fresh and comprehensive perspective on strategies to reduce health inequities in the region. Methods: A systematic review and narrative synthesis were conducted using databases such as PubMed and Medline, covering articles published between 2000 and 2019. The inclusion criteria focused on observational and experimental studies evaluating interventions aimed at improving maternal and child health. The quality of the studies was assessed using the CASP checklists. Results: The review included 19 studies that demonstrated significant reductions in maternal and child health disparities. Key interventions included demand-side financial assistance, community education, and nutritional supplements. For example, Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, combined with antenatal care and tetanus toxoid vaccination, significantly reduced postnatal and under-5 mortality (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45–0.98). Another study reported a 30% reduction in the maternal mortality rate (MMR) among targeted populations. Discussion: Integrating mental health support within maternal healthcare is crucial to addressing exacerbated vulnerabilities. Effective public health initiatives—including financial aid, community-based programs, and improved healthcare services—have demonstrated potential in reducing these disparities. Policy recommendations include combining nutritional supplementation with antenatal care, expanding conditional cash transfer schemes, and enhancing mental health services. Conclusion: Community-based and targeted interventions are essential for reducing health disparities. Policies should prioritize integrated care models, targeted subsidies, and enhanced mental health services to achieve sustainable improvements in maternal and child health outcomes.
The Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with Lung Function, Symptom Severity, and Exacerbations in Stable COPD Patients
Section: Research Articles Keywords: COPD, Lung Function, Vitamin D Deficiency Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant health burden associated with a decrease in quality of life. Patients with the disease often have a deficiency of Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin important for respiratory health. A previous study suggested an association between low vitamin D levels and poor lung function, as well as increased exacerbation, and more severe COPD symptom. Therefore, this study aimed to assess serum vitamin D levels in stable COPD patients and explore association with lung function, symptom severity, and frequency of exacerbation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2023 at Lung Polyclinic of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital (RSUDZA) Banda Aceh. A total of 30 subjects selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Results: The results showed that the mean serum vitamin D level was 26.25 ng/mL, with 56.7% of subjects showing vitamin D insufficiency. Statistical analysis showed p-values of 0.58, 0.637, 0.12, and 0.98 for lung function, exacerbation, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale respectively, indicating no significant association between vitamin D levels and these outcomes. Potential confounding factors include unassessed variables such as medication use, educational background, and psychological status. Conclusion: This study found no significant association between serum vitamin D levels and lung function, symptom severity, or frequency of exacerbation in stable COPD patients. Further studies with a larger sample size and extended follow-up are needed to confirm these results and explore additional influencing factors.
Mastering the Art of Scoping Reviews: A Comprehensive Guide for Public Health and Allied Health Students
Section: Review Keywords: Scoping review, steps, Guide, Public Health Background: Scoping reviews systematically map the breadth of evidence on a particular topic, providing a comprehensive overview of the available research. This paper aims to outline the key steps involved in conducting a scoping review and to provide practical guidance for public health and allied health students and researchers. Methods: Formulating a research question using the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework to develop a clear research question or objective. Setting inclusion and exclusion criteria to guide the selection of studies for inclusion in the review. Conducting a thorough search across relevant databases and sources, including both academic and grey literature. Using a PRISMA flow diagram to document the search and selection process. Extracting and charting relevant data from included studies. Analysing synthesizing data using descriptive analysis or basic qualitative content analysis. Summarizing and presenting findings in a clear and meaningful way. Results: The paper provides a detailed guide for conducting scoping reviews, emphasizing the differences between scoping reviews and systematic reviews. It highlights that scoping reviews address broader research questions and typically do not assess study quality. Practical guidance is provided on developing search strategies and creating data extraction forms. Conclusions: This paper serves as a comprehensive guide for public health and allied health students and researchers undertaking scoping reviews, covering key methodological considerations and best practices throughout the review process.
Pathway to Public Health: Investigating Reasons Behind the University of Sunderland Students Pursuit of Postgraduate Studies
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Postgraduate education, Career Advancement, Higher Education, Public Health, Motivations Background: Postgraduate studies in public health are vital for addressing global healthcare challenges. This study examines the factors motivating students at the University of Sunderland to pursue advanced degrees in public health, aiming to understand both personal and external influences on their educational choices. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative design, utilizing a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The research was conducted at the University of Sunderland's main and London campuses, targeting postgraduate public health students. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0, focusing on descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations. Results: Out of 102 respondents, 94 met the eligibility criteria. The mean age was 31.5 years, with a majority being female (61.8%) and from the African continent (58.5%). Most respondents (52.1%) had clinical experience, and a significant portion (66%) cited career advancement as their primary motivation. Other notable motivations included improving community health (60.6%) and a desire to work in healthcare policy (44.7%). Cultural background significantly influenced motivations related to global health challenges, while academic history significantly affected motivations concerning community health improvement and disease prevention. Discussion: The findings highlight the diverse motivations driving students to pursue postgraduate public health studies, with career advancement being the most significant factor. Cultural and academic backgrounds play crucial roles in shaping these motivations, suggesting the need for tailored support and resources to address the specific needs of diverse student populations. The study underscores the importance of understanding these motivational factors to enhance educational strategies and support services for public health students.
Determinants of Duration of Untreated Psychosis in Patients with Schizophrenia in Indonesia
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Determinant, Duration of Untreated Psychosis, Schizophrenia Background: The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is a crucial factor influencing the prognosis of schizophrenia, affecting long-term outcomes and treatment efficacy. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of research on the determinants of DUP in Indonesian patients with schizophrenia, highlighting the need for a focused investigation within this specific context. This study aims to identify the determinants of DUP among patients with schizophrenia in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with schizophrenia admitted to a referral psychiatric hospital in Indonesia. Data were collected using guided interviews and observations through structured questionnaires. Additionally, socio-demographic information was gathered. Results: A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that previous consultations with traditional healers (β = 21, 95% CI = 11.4 - 30.6, p = 0.001) and religious healers (β = 16.7, 95% CI = 8.2 - 25.2, p = 0.0001) were independently predicting the longer DUP. Conclusions:Treatment-seeking behavior is significantly influencing the DUP in patients with schizophrenia. Efforts should focus on improving health literacy to encourage earlier mental health treatment-seeking.
"Frontline Nurses Readiness": How Did Nurses Learn About Nursing Care During the Pandemic in Indonesia?
Section: Research Articles Keywords: COVID-19, health service, nursing care, nurses' experience, pandemic, phenomenological study Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused adjustments in health services and hospital procedures, particularly in the provision of nursing care to patients. The shift of health care during the COVID-19 pandemic has had both beneficial and bad consequences, including the dynamics, problems, and impediments that nurses encounter. Methods: This descriptive phenomenological study investigated nurses' readiness to offer nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 13 nurse participants in a teaching hospital in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. The Collaizzi method, consisting of seven steps, was used to examine qualitative data. Results: The study identified four major themes: 1) modifying health services during a pandemic; 2) coping mechanisms for nurses dealing with a pandemic; 3) barriers to providing nursing care during a pandemic; and 4) making wish come true during a pandemic. Conclusion: Nurses' experience enhancing health care during the COVID-19 pandemic requires more improvement, integration, and holistic thinking. Nonetheless, they must treat patients even when their situations are not favourable. The proposed research should address the significance of optimizing care during a pandemic, such as nurse safety and security, government measures to limit COVID-19 in nursing services, and nurses' effective pandemic methods in Indonesia
Exploring the Factors Responsible for Gun and Knife Violence Among the Young Generation in the UK: A Scoping Review
Section: Review Keywords: Youth violence, Gun violence, Knife violence, Mental Health Background: Youth violence is the fourth leading cause of death among individuals aged 10-29, representing a significant global public health concern. In the UK, gun and knife crimes among youth are particularly troubling. This scoping review aims to identify the contributing factors of gun and knife violence among young people in the UK and their impact on mental health. Method: We searched literature using Medline, PubMed Central, Sunderland Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and approved government websites. Boolean operators were used with specific search terms, including only full-text, English-language, and original research publications. The PRISMA flowchart was used to document the selection process. Result: Out of 648 identified articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. Three primary themes emerged: socio-economic factors, gang involvement, and mental health. Conclusion: Gun and knife violence among young people in the UK poses a significant public health burden. Effective interventions require addressing socio-economic disparities, preventing gang involvement, and providing accessible mental health support.
Healthcare Workers' Knowledge and Attitude Towards COVID-19 and Its Effect on Their Mental Health in England
Section: Research Articles Keywords: COVID-19, Mental Health, Health Personnel, Attitude of Health Personnel Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease that is presently a global public health concern. Evidence from previous disease outbreaks, along with early evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic, suggests that these events have significant short and long-term effects on the mental health of healthcare workers. All healthcare stakeholders should create short and long-term plans to support the mental health of workers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research examines the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers towards the COVID-19 crisis, investigates the impact on their mental health. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional quantitative design with a closed ended structured anonymous questionnaire as a tool to explore data online from healthcare workers at the study site in selected hospitals in England. The quantitative data analysis software SPSS was used to analyse the data using inferential statistics and cross tabulation. Results: Data from this quantitative study was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS and inferential statistics. Findings show that 80% of the respondents significantly have general good knowledge of COVID-19 and 11% had moderate and poor knowledge respectively. A good attitude towards COVID-19 was found among 73% of respondents while a poor attitude among 27%. An increase in death rate (10.9%), close contact with the patient (10.9%), and getting infected thereby transmitting the virus to family were most of the factors linked to the effect on their mental health. Accepting responsibility (9.9%), escaping evidence to relieve stress (9.7%), and calling a friend (9.6%) were methods adopted by the respondents as a coping strategy. Conclusion: Healthcare workers’ mental well-being has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in depression, anxiety, and stress. It is recommended that healthcare authorities ensure that they provide necessary assistance, proper information, and training and substantiate practical resources. Self-care is one of the important needs during mental disorders thus it is recommended that healthcare workers should focus on taking time out to mentally relax themselves during work.
Impact of Anemia on Quality of Life Among Patients on Dialysis with End-Stage Renal Failure
Section: Research Articles Keywords: Anemia, quality of life, end-stage renal failure, kidney failure, chronic kidney disease Background: Reductions in quality of life among patients with End-Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) can be further compromised by anemia, which is a common complication of ESRF. This study evaluated the impact of anemia on the quality of life among dialysis patients with ESRF in a private dialysis center in Kuantan. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design conducted on 113 ESRF patients at multiple dialysis centers in Kuantan. Demographic, socioeconomic, and disease status data were collected, and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) short-version questionnaire was used to assess the patient's quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 to identify correlations among patient factors. Results: The study findings revealed that 46.4% have mild anemia, 38.4% have moderate anemia, and 16.2% have severe anemia.76% of respondents rated the quality of life as "Bad" and 6% as "Very Bad". Only 19% of respondents have rated the quality of life as "Normal." Conclusion: The findings suggest that anemia significantly affects the quality of life of patients with ESRF. These findings can help healthcare providers develop interventions to manage anemia and improve the quality of life of these patients. The study also emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring and management of anemia among patients with ESRF to ensure optimal health outcomes.
Digital Health Utilisation in Nigeria: A Scoping Review
Section: Review Keywords: eHealth, mHealth , mobile health, electronic health records, digital health Background: The widespread use of mobile phones and technologies in Nigeria presents a unique opportunity that the country can take advantage of in improving access to healthcare. However, evidence on digital health utilization among Nigerians is limited. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted using the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework, under the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, in which a systematic mapping of available evidence on digital health utilization by patients and healthcare professionals in Nigeria was carried out. Methods: The databases PubMed, CINAHL and MEDLINE with full text via EBSCOhost were thoroughly searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles from the inception of digital health technology until October 2023. Using the eligibility criteria as reference, abstracts and full-texts of 170 articles were screened and 13 records were ultimately selected for the review. Results: Of the 13 included articles, six provided evidences on digital health utilization by health professionals and seven provided evidences on digital health utilization by patients. Patients were enthusiastic about digital health use but the cost of owning a mobile phone was an important barrier. Health professionals had mixed feelings about digital health utilization; whereas perceived usefulness of the technology was an important motivator, lack of computer literacy was an important barrier. Conclusion: The study shows that there is limited published research on digital health utilization in Nigeria. Crucially, very little has been studied about what impact concerns about patient data privacy and safety have on digital health utilization in Nigeria. Further primary research on the motivators of and barriers to digital health utilization by healthcare workers and patients in Nigeria is recommended.
Systematic Review on Oral Health Knowledge, Practice and Attitude In Pakistan
Section: Review Keywords: Systematic Review, Oral Health, Pakistan, Knowledge, Practice, Attitude Background: The term "oral health" describes the state of the mouth's defence against ailments that affect the oral cavity, such as tooth decay, periodontal disease, cancer of the mouth and throat, facial discomfort, and ulcers. Oral cleanliness, tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, and general diet are the main contributors to oral health issues and illnesses. The most significant advantage of maintaining proper dental hygiene is the prevention of diseases. In Pakistan, dental health is not given much priority. The aim of this systematic review is to thoroughly examine and summaries the body of research on Pakistani people's attitudes, practices, and knowledge on oral health. The study aims to identify knowledge gaps, offer a thorough review of the existing situation regarding oral health awareness, habits, and attitudes, and indicate possible areas for development. Methods: This thorough systematic review, which adheres closely to PRISMA principles, examines all cross-sectional studies examining the gaps in oral health knowledge, practice, and attitude in Pakistan. Several databases such as Medline, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, and Scopus were used and past and current reviews on the same subject were looked in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Selected papers were meta-synthesized to produce results that were both statistically sound and strong. Results: The findings reveal that there are differences in the population's knowledge about oral health, certain groups with low socio-economic status showing less understanding of preventive and good oral hygiene habits. Conclusion: This review highlights the need for all-encompassing strategies that account for differences in geography, culture, and socioeconomic disparities by placing the findings in a broader literary context. To improve oral health outcomes across the country, specific public health campaigns, educational programmes, and policy measures are crucial given the knowledge gaps and practice discrepancies that have been discovered. By addressing these problems, we can improve people's general health and lessen the prevalence of oral disorders in Pakistan.